The School met form 29 November - 8 December 1999 at the IDEA Convention Center, Caracas - Venezuela. The event was directed by:

General Overview

The proposal of the School was made in 1998 to three institutions, which responded enthusiastically:

Main co-sponsors
The The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), its main co-sponsor, the International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, both in Trieste, Italy, and the Chancellor's Office, Universidad Simón Bolívar (USB). The secretarial and logistic support was provided in Trieste by the ICTP and in Caracas by USB and IDEA Convention Center.

Other co-sponsors

In addition the event was generously supported by the following institutes, agencies, foundations and academies:

A detailed financial Report is in the process of being sent to all the co-sponsors by the ICTP Financial Officer, Mr. Andrej Michelcich.

A total of 36 lectures were delivered by 20 lectureres, of which 14 were from the following countries: Argentina, Mexico, Italy, Spain and the USA. Six lecturers were from the host country. In addition there were 5 chairpersons from the host country that were not participants; two participants acted as chairpersons (Pedro Benitez and Tomas Revilla) .

The School brought together 125 participants, which included some of the leading researchers in the subfields of Astrobiology. There were 18 participants form: Argentina, Colombia, Cuba, Mexico, Spain, Uruguay and the USA. The host country was represented by 82 participants registered during the conference, of which 33 had previously registered in Trieste.

The media was represented by 3 participants from the host country. The event was also consistently well represented by the national press (El Nacional, El Universal and El Mundo).

The International Organising Committe

The IOC was formed as follows:

HUMBERTO CAMPINS, University of Arizona and Research Corporation, Tucson, USA
IGNASI CASANOVA, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
FRANK DRAKE, Seti Institute, Mountain View USA
ANTONIO LAZCANO, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
ULISES MOULINES, Institut fuer Philosophie, Logik und Wissenschaftstheorie Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet Muenchen, Germany
RAFAEL NAVARRO-GONZALEZ, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
ALICIA NEGRON-MENDOZA, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
ADRIANA C. OCAMPO, NASA Headquarters, Washington D.C. USA
YAREMI RIVERO (Coordinator, visit of the astronaut), Lyndon Johnson Space Center, Houston, USA
JUAN G. ROEDERER, University of Alaska-Fairbanks, USA.

Local Committee

The Local Committee represented diverse institutions form Venezuela:

GUSTAVO BRUZUAL, Centro de Investigaciones de Astronomía, Mérida
MARIO I. CAICEDO, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Caracas
ELINOR CALLAROTTI, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Caracas
GREGORIO DRAYER, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Caracas
MARTHA ELENA GALAVÍS, Universidad Metropolitana, Caracas
ERNESTO MAYZ VALLENILLA, CENIT, (IDEA), Caracas
CESAR MENDOZA BRICEÑO, Centro de Astrofísica Teórica, Mérida
HECTOR RAGO, Grupo de Física Teórica/Centro de Astrofísica, ULA, Mérida
TOMAS REVILLA, Escuela de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas
GLORIA VILLEGAS, Centro de Biociencias, (IDEA), Caracas.

In addition to the lectures the participants contributed 16 oral presentations of their posters (ten minutes were assigned to each of the participants that presented posters):

Round-tables

Other important activities of IASA were 2 round-tables

1) "MARS", Moderator: Juan Oró, with the participation of:

Julian Chela-Flores,
Frank Drake,
Rafael Navarro Gonzalez and
Willem Wamsteker

2) MUSIC OF THE SPHERES: WOULD OTHER INTELLIGENCE ALSO EXHIBIT "ARTISTIC CREATIVITY"?, whose moderators were Juan G. Roederer and Guillermo A. Lemarchand, with the participation of:
Jacobo Borges
Diana Arismendi
Irene McKinstry de Guinand and
Julian Chela-Flores

Public Lectures

Three public lectures were delivered:

1) MONDAY, 29 NOVEMBER, 1999 AT 10.30-11.15

Professor Frank Drake:
OVERVIEW OF THE SEARCH FOR EXTRATERRESTRIAL LIFE
SETI Institute, USA. Frank Drake - SETI Institute

Dr. Frank Drake is President of the SETI Institute and provides overall direction for research. In 1960, as a staff member of the National Radio Astronomy Observatory, he conducted thefirst radio search for extraterrestrial intelligence. He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences where he chaired the Board ofPhysics and Astronomy of the National Research Council (1989-92). Frank also served as President of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. He was a Professor of Astronomy at Cornell University (1964-84) and served as the Director of the Arecibo Observatory. He is currently a Professor of Astronomy and Astrophysics at the University of California atSanta Cruz where he also served as Dean of Natural Sciences (1984-88). In his spare time Frank enjoys cutting gem stones and growing orchids.Frank has three grown sons and two daughters in college. Both daughters are superb ballet dancers.

2) TUESDAY, 30 NOVEMBER 1999 AT 19.30-20.30

Professor Juan Oró
COSMOCHEMICAL EVOLUTION
Department of Biochemical and Biophysical Sciences
University of Houston, Houston, USA.

Biochemist, founder and emeritus professor of the department of Biochemical and Biophysical Sciences of the University of Houston (Texas) and president of Fundació Joan Oró in Lleida (Spain). Has been a professor and researcher in several American universities (like Berkeley, California) and Spanish ones (Autònoma de Barcelona). He is also the founder and promoter of several scientific institutions in Catalonia. His research is focused mainly in the experimental study of the chemical reactions which occurred in the primitive Earth. In 1960 he accomplished the pre-biotic synthesis of adenine from HCN, a major componer of comets, and in 1961 published a theory on the role of comets on the formation of biochemical compounds that eventually led to the appearance of life on Earth, theory that has been recently developed and extended by other authors (e.g. A. Delsemme). Member of different committees of NASA and the National Academy of Sciences of United States of America, where he has lived since 1952. He has also collaborated in the projects "Apollo" and "Viking", in the analysis of lunar samples brought towards as well as in the robotic analysis of samples from the surface of the planet Mars. Author and editor of more than 30 books and nearly 300 scientific articles, he has organized approximately 30 international symposia, and has been president of the "International Society for the Study of the Origin of Life", in California. He is doctor Honoris Causa of several universities such as a Granada (Spain), Houston (USA) and Lleida (Spain), his native place. Has received several scientific and honorary distinctions in Spain and the United States of America.

3) WEDNESDAY, 8 DECEMBER 1999 AT 16.30-17.45

Garrett E. Reisman
(Ph.D.), NASA Astronaut Candidate (Mission Specialist)

THE FUTURE OF HUMAN MISSIONS IN SOLAR SYSTEM EXPLORATION
Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, USA

Born February 10, 1968 in Morristown, New Jersey. He was educated at Parsippany High School, Parsippany, New Jersey, 1986; B.S., Economics, University of Pennsylvania, 1991; B.S., Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, 1991; M.S., Mechanical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1992; Ph.D., Mechanical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1997.From 1996 to 1998 Dr. Reisman was employed by TRW as a Spacecraft Guidance, Navigation and Control Engineer in the Space and Technology Division, Redondo Beach, California. While at TRW, he designed the thruster-based attitude control system for the NASA EOS PM-1 Spacecraft. Prior to his employment at TRW, Dr. Reisman was a Ph.D. Candidate at Caltech in the Division of Engineering and Applied Science in Pasadena, California. His multiphase fluid mechanics research provided the first experimental evidence of the presence of shock waves in unsteady cloud cavitation. For this discovery he was presented with the Bruce Chapman Award for excellence in hydrodynamics research at Caltech. He was selected by NASA in June 1998, Dr. Reisman reported for training in August 1998. Astronaut Candidate Training includes orientation briefings and tours, numerous scientific and technical briefings, intensive instruction in Shuttle and International Space Station systems, physiological training and ground school to prepare for T-38 flight training, as well as learning water and wilderness survival techniques. Following a period of training and evaluation, Dr. Reisman will receive technical assignments within the Astronaut Office before being assigned to a space flight.

Special Session on Solar System Exploration

An event that was particularly appreciated by the participants was a Special Session on Solar System Exploration in collaboration with The Planetary Society (TPS) and Dirección de Servicios Multimedia de la Universidad Simón Bolívar. It was timed so as to make a live Internet link-up with Planetfest in Pasadena, California on the occasion of the Mars lander in the Martian South Pole. In spite of the fact that the lander was lost, the live contact with Planetfest and telephone connection for 45 minutes (due to the generous support of the Planetary Society) with an expert on Mars research (Dr. Christopher McKay) was a very instructive experience for all the School participants.
The councelling and very constructive initiatives of the TPS Executive Secretary, Dr. Louis Friedman were fundamental for this event.

Proceedings

The School proceedings are in the process of being published by Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands. We are planning to have it published during the summer of 2000.

Coordination in Italy

In Italy, special thanks are due to the ICTP administrative staff, particularly Ms. E. Brancaccio, who acted as the Trieste School Secretary. Special thanks go to Mr. Michelcich and his secretarial staff for his continuous support and wise councelling in financial matters.

In Caracas we are particularly grateful to Chancellor Freddy Malpica and the Chancellor's Office, without whose support this activity would not have taken place. Our particular thanks to Ms. Nancy Padilla, who acted as the Caracas School Secretary. Her helpful, friendly initiatives contributed significantly to the success of IASA.

Coordination in Venezuela

At the IDEA Convention Center, we are grateful to the team headed by Mr. Ramon Garriga. In particular, Mr. Luis Gonzalez acted as the Administrator in charge of IASA.

Sunday, 28 November 1999

ARRIVALS

Monday, 29 November 1999

8.00-10.00 REGISTRATION

Opening Session

CHAIRPERSON: Juan Oro

10.00-10.30 WELCOME ADDRESS

Opening Lecture

10.30-11.15 Frank Drake
OVERVIEW OF THE SEARCH FOR EXTRATERRESTRIAL LIFE
SETI Institute, USA.

11.15-11.45 Coffee break

Astrobiology:
Origin, Evolution and Distribution of Life in the Universe

CHAIRPERSON: Antonio Lazcano

11.45-12.30 Julian Chela-Flores
OVERVIEW OF THE SCHOOL (I)
FROM THE ORIGIN OF THE UNIVERSE TO THE ORIGIN OF OF LIFE IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM
The Abdus Salam ICTP, Trieste, Italy and
Instituto de Estudios Avanzados, Caracas, Venezuela.

Lunch break

14.30-15.15 Guillermo A. Lemarchand,
OVERVIEW OF THE SCHOOL (II):
FROM THE ORIGIN OF INTELLIGENCE, LANGUAGE AND CIVILIZATION TO THE SEARCH FOR OTHER CIVILIZATIONS
Instituto Argentino de Radioastronomia (CONICET) and
Centro de Estudios Avanzados, Universidad de Buenos Aires,
Argentina

Exobiology: Bases for the Study of Life in Solar Systems.
The contribution of NASA

CHAIRPERSON: Alicia Massarini

15.15-16.00 Adriana C. Ocampo,
IMPACTS OF COMETS AND ASTEROIDS AND THEIR
INFLUENCE ON MASSIVE EXTINCTIONS
NASA Headquarters, Office of Space Science
Washington D.C., USA.

16.00 -18.00 RECEPTION

Special Evening Session

CHAIRPERSON: Guillermo Lemarchand

Exobiology: Bases for the Study of Life in Solar Systems.
The contribution of NASA (contd.)

18.00-19.00 Adriana C. Ocampo,
THE SEARCH FOR LIFE IN INHOSPITABLE SITES:
EUROPA AND THE MARTIAN METEORITE
NASA Headquarters, Office of Space Science
Washington D.C., USA.

Tuesday, 30 November 1999

From Cosmic Evolution to the Evolution of Solar Systems
(Introductory Lecture)

CHAIRPERSON: Adriana C. Ocampo,

9.15-10.00 Hector Rago
THE COSMOS AND COSMOLOGY
Departamento de Fisica,
Universidad de Los Andes,
Merida, Venezuela.

Chemical Evolution in the Solar System

CHAIRPERSON: Pedro Benitez

10.00-10.45 Rafael Navarro-González
CHEMICAL EVOLUTION AND ORIGINS OF LIFE IN EARLY MARS
Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares
UNAM, Ciudad de México, México.

10.45-11.15 Coffee break

11.15-12.00 Alicia Negrón-Mendoza
CHEMICAL EVOLUTION ON EARTH (I)
Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares
UNAM, Ciudad de México, México.

Lunch break

Biological bases for the Study of the Evolution of Life in the Universe

CHAIRPERSON: Tomas Revilla

14.30-15.15 Jesus Alberto Leon
THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION
Instituto de Zoologia Tropical,
Universidad Central de Venezuela,
Caracas, Venezuela.

15.15-15.45 Coffee break

15.45- 16.30 Antonio Lazcano
FROM THE CENANCESTOR TO
PROKARYOTES AND EUKARYOTES (I)
Departamento de Biologia,
UNAM, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.

16.30-18.00 General discussion on future regional schools on astrobiology

Special Evening Session

CHAIRPERSON: FRANK DRAKE

20.30-21.30 Juan Oro
COSMOCHEMICAL EVOLUTION
Department of Biochemical and Biophysical Sciences
University of Houston, Houston, USA.

Wednesday, 1 December 1999

Biological bases for the Study of the Evolution of Life in the Universe

CHAIRPERSON: Jesus Alberto Leon

9.15-10.00 Antonio Lazcano
FROM THE CENANCESTOR TO
PROKARYOTES AND EUKARYOTES (II)
Departamento de Biologia,
UNAM, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico

10.00-10.45
Hernan Dopazo
EVOLUTION OF ADAPTIVE SYSTEMS
CONICET and Centro de Estudios Avanzados,
Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.

10.45-11.15 Coffee break

11.15-12.00 CONTEMPORARY CONTROVERSIES WITHIN
THE FRAMEWORK
OF THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION
Alicia Massarini
GIBE. Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas
Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales,
Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina

FREE AFTERNOON (Tour of Caracas / El Hatillo)

Thursday, 2 December 1999

Biological bases for the Study of the Evolution of Life in the Universe (continued)

CHAIRPERSON: Hernan Dopazo

9.15-10.00 Antonio Lazcano
FROM THE CENANCESTOR TO
PROKARYOTES AND EUKARYOTES (III)
Departamento de Biologia,
UNAM, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.

10.45-11.15 Coffee break

Oral Presentation by Participants

CHAIRPERSON: Rafael Navarro-Gonzalez

10.00-12.00 ORAL PRESENTATION OF POSTERS (I)

Maria Colin
Heterogenous radiolysis of succinic acid in the presence of
Na-montmorillonite

Sergio Ramos
Chemical reactions in solid surfaces

Sara Islas
Did prokaryotic DNA content evolved by a series of genome doublings

Luis Jose Delaye
RNA-binding domains: from the cenancestor to the three domains.

Abel Mendez
Biophysical comparison of planetary habitable zones on Earth and Mars

Diego Torres
Do wormholes exist?

Gustavo Romero
Paradoxes of time travel

Vicente Marcano
Oceanic accumulation of n-alkanes = C18 in the early Earth

Pedro Benitez
Advantages of the alkanes = n-C18 as protectors for the synthesis and
survival of critical biomolecules in the early Earth

Lunch break

Exobiology: Bases for the Study of Life in Solar Systems
The contribution of ESA (continued)

CHAIRPERSON: Humberto Campins

14.30-15.15 Willem Wamsteker
MARS EXPRESS AND BEYOND
ESA Headquarters, European Space Agency,
Paris, France.

15.15-15.45 Coffee break

15.45- 16.30 Willem Wamsteker
HUYGENS: ESA's ENDEAVOR INTO
PRE-BIOLOGICAL CONDITIONS
ESA Headquarters, European Space Agency,
Paris, France.

Friday, 3 December 1999

Biological bases for the Study of the Evolution of Life in the Universe
(Continued)

CHAIRPERSON: Juan Roederer

9.15-10.00 Juan Oro
PROTOPLANETARY DISKS, COMETS AND LIFE
Department of Biochemical and Biophysical Sciences
University of Houston, Houston, USA.

Special Session on Solar System Exploration (I)

10.00-12.00 ROUND TABLE: "MARS"

MODERATOR: Juan Oró,

With the participation of:

Julian Chela-Flores,
Frank Drake,
Rafael Navarro Gonzalez and
Willem Wamsteker

Lunch break

Small Bodies of the Solar System

CHAIRPERSON: Alicia Negron-Mendoza

14.30-15.15 Humberto Campins
SOLAR SYSTEM, COMETS AND METEORITES (I)
Lunar and Planetary Laboratory
University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 8572
and Research Corporation, Tucson, USA

15.15-15.45 Coffee break

18.30- 20.30 LIVE INTERNET LINK-UP WITH PLANETFEST
ON THE OCCASION OF THE ARRIVAL OF THE MARS LANDER
Venue: Unidad Multimedia, Simon Bolivar Universit

Saturday, 4 December 1999

Small Bodies of the Solar System

CHAIRPERSON: Marta Elena Galavis

9.15-10.00 Humberto Campins
SOLAR SYSTEM, COMETS AND METEORITES (II)
Lunar and Planetary Laboratory
University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 8572
and Research Corporation, Tucson, USA

10.45-11.15 Coffee break

11.15-12.00 Rafael Navarro-Gonzalez
CHEMICAL EVOLUTION IN TITAN
Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares
UNAM, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.

Chemical Evolution in the Solar System (conclusion)

CHAIRPERSON: Sergio Ramos Bernal

Lunch break

14.30-15.15 Alicia Negron-Mendoza
CHEMICAL EVOLUTION ON EARTH (II)
Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares
UNAM, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.

15.15-15.45 Coffee break

Exobiology: The contribution of NASA (conclusion)

CHAIRPERSON: Willem Wemsteker

15.45- 16.30 Juan G. Roederer,
THE GALILEO MISSION
Geophysical Institute,
University of Alaska-Fairbanks, USA.

16.30-17.00 Coffee break

Oral Presentation by Participants

CHAIRPERSON: Guillermo Lemarchand

17-00-19.00 ORAL PRESENTATION OF POSTERS (II)
Poster Session II

A. Guzman-Marmolejo
Adsorption and catalysis of organic compounds in Na-Montmorillonite

Leonel Calva-Alejo, Delphine Mna Mvondo, Christopher McKay and Rafael
Navarro-Gonzalez
Evidence a of a nitrogen deficiency as a possible selective
pressure towards the origin of biological nitrogen fixation in the early
Earth

Antigona Segura and Rafael Navarro-Gonzalez
Possible role of volcanic lightning in the prebiotic chemistry on early
Mars

Itzel Perez, Christopher McKay, Luis Cruz Kury and Rafael
Navarro-Gonzalez
A plaussible analog of ancient Mars: Tropical alpine environments

Sandra I. Ramirez and Rafael Navarro-Gonzalez
Quantitative study of the effects of various energy sources on a Titan's
simulated atmosphere

Jordi Gutierrez
Collapse of ONeMg electron-degenerate objects and mass extinctions

Elizabeth Chacon
Fossilized and recent microbial communities

Sunday, 5 December 1999

Lunch

10.00-18.30 Visit to Colegio Emil Friedman and concert.
Lunch at Universidad Simon Bolivar and
Tour of Caracas.

Monday, 6 December 1999

Origins of cognitive systems

CHAIRPERSON: Gloria Villegas

9.15-10.00 Juan G. Roederer,
INFORMATION, LIFE AND BRAINS (I)
Geophysical Institute,
University of Alaska-Fairbanks, USA.

10.00-10.45 Raimundo Villegas
ORIGIN OF THE NEURON
Centro de Biociencias,
Instituto de Estudios Avanzados,
Caracas, Venezuela.

10.45-11.15 Coffee break

11.15-12.00 Ernesto Palacios-Pru
ORIGEN OF SINAPSIS:
A SCIENTIFIC ACCOUNT OR THE STORY OF A HYPOTHESIS.
Centro de Microscopia Electronica
Universidad de Los Andes
Merida - Venezuela

Lunch break

Bioastronomy:
Bases for the study of environments for the possible distribution of intelligence in the Universe

CHAIRPERSON: Sabatino Sofia

14.30-15.15 Guillermo A. Lemarchand,
SETI THE TECHNICAL PROBLEMS (I)
Instituto Argentino de Radioastronomia (CONICET) and
Centro de Estudios Avanzados, Universidad de Buenos Aires,
Argentina

15.15-15.45 Coffee break

15.45- 16.30 Guillermo A. Lemarchand,
SETI THE TECHNICAL PROBLEMS (II)
Instituto Argentino de Radioastronomia (CONICET) and
Centro de Estudios Avanzados, Universidad de Buenos Aires,
Argentina

Origins of cognitive systems (continued)

CHAIRPERSON: Ernesto Palacios-Pru

16.30-17.15 Juan G. Roederer,
INFORMATION, LIFE AND BRAINS (II)
Geophysical Institute,
University of Alaska-Fairbanks, USA

Special Evening Session

20.30-21.30

Tuesday, 7 December 1999

Origins of cognitive systems (conclusion)

CHAIRPERSON: Ana Maria Rajkay

9.15-10.30 Elinor Medina de Callarotti
ORIGIN OF LANGUAGE
Instituto de Estudios del Conocimiento (INESCO) U.S.B. and
Departamento de Idiomas U.S.B., Caracas, Venezuela.

10.30-11.15 Coffee break

Bioastronomy: Bases for the study of environments for the possible distribution of intelligence in the Universe (continued)

CHAIRPERSON: Humberto Campins

11.15-12.30 Frank Drake,
SETI PRESENT AND FUTURE PROBLEMS
SETI Institute, USA.

Lunch break

16.00-5.15 11.15-12.15 Sabatino Sofia
NEW ASPECTS OF ASTRONOMY RELEVANT TO ASTROBIOLOGY (I)
Department of Astronomy, University of Yale, USA

19.30 Dinner

Wednesday, 8 December 1999

Bioastronomy: Bases for the study of environments for the possible distribution of intelligence in the Universe (conclusion)

CHAIRPERSON: Mario Caicedo

10.00-10.45 Sabatino Sofia
NEW ASPECTS OF ASTRONOMY RELEVANT TO ASTROBIOLOGY (II)
Department of Astronomy, University of Yale, USA

10.45-11.15 Coffee break

Philosophical implications of the search for extraterrestrial life
(continued)

CHAIRPERSON: Alfredo Vallota

11.15-12.00 Ernesto Mayz Vallenilla
ASTROPHYSICS AND METATECHNICS
Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones Teoricas (CENIT),
Instituto de Estudios Avanzados
Caracas, Venezuela.

Lunch break

14.15-15.00 Julian Chela-Flores
ON DEEPER QUESTIONS REGARDING THE SEARCH FOR
BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM
The Abdus Salam ICTP, Trieste, Italy and
Instituto de Estudios Avanzados , Caracas, Venezuela.

Closing Ceremony

15.00-15.30 Words by Julian Chela-Flores, Guillermo A. Lemarchand,
Juan Oro and Ernesto Mayz Vallenilla, Founding Chancellor of Universidad Simon Bolivar.

DISTRIBUTION OF DIPLOMAS TO THE PARTICIPANTS.

Thursday, 9 December 1999

DEPARTURES

1. ACHONG, Claude
PDVSA, clachong@cantv.net
Caracas, VENEZUELA

2. ACOSTA, Jasmel
cuasaxi@telcel.net.ve
Caracas, VENEZUELA

3. ALDUARO, Verónica, UCAB,
Caracas, VENEZUELA

4. ASCANIO, Sergio, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Valle de Sartenejas, Baruta, Caracas, VENEZUELA

5. BARRAL, José Univ. de a Coruña, Dept. Biología Celular y Molecular, Fac. Ciencias, Campus a Zapateeira s/n. 15071. A Coruña , ESPAÑA

6. BARROS PITA, José Carlos Universidad Central de Venezuela, Instituto de Biología, Laboratorio de Zoofisiología, Colinas de Bello Monte. Caracas, VENEZUELA

7. BENÍTEZ, Pedro Universidad de Los Andes, Centro de Microscopía Electrónica. Apartado Postal 163-175. Mérida, VENEZUELA

8. BOLIVAR, Nelson E. Universidad Central de Venezuela, Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Apartado Postal 47270. Los Chaguaramos, 1041-A. Caracas, VENEZUELA

9. BONYORNO, Rafael Universidad Central de Venezuela. Departamento de Biología. Facultad de Ciencias. Apartado Postal 47270. Los Chaguaramos, 1041-A. Caracas, VENEZUELA

10. BRICEÑO, Carlos Universidad Simón Bolívar, Valle de Sartenejas, Baruta, Caracas, VENEZUELA

11. CAICEDO SANDGREN, Mario Universidad Simón Bolívar, Valle de Sartenejas ­ Baruta, Caracas, VENEZUELA

12. CALDEIRA SOUSA, María Elena Universidad Central de Venezuela. Escuela de Física. Apartado Postal 47586. Los Chaguaramos, 1041-A. Caracas, VENEZUELA

13. CAMPINS, Humberto University of Arizona. Rm. 384, Life Sciences. North Bldg. AZ 85724. Tucson
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

14. CARDOZO, Damelis Mariela Universidad Central de Venezuela. Departamento de Física. Apartado Postal 47270. Los Chaguaramos, 1041-A. Caracas, VENEZUELA

15. CEDEÑO, José Manuel Universidad Central de Venezuela. Departamento de Física. Apartado Postal 47270. Los Chaguaramos, 1041-A, Caracas, VENEZUELA

16. CHACON BACA, Elizabeth Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Institute of Geology, Department of Paleontology. A.P. 70-543, 04510 México

17. CHANG ROMERO, Ricardo Instituto de Estudios Avanzados (IDEA), Apartado 17606. Parque Central 1015-A, Caracas, VENEZUELA

18. CHAURIO, Ricardo Alfredo Universidad Central de Venezuela. Departamento de Física. Facultad de Ciencias. Apartado Postal 47270. Los Chaguaramos, 1041-A. Caracas, VENEZUELA

19. CHELA-FLORES, Julián The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics. Strada Costiera 11, P.O. Box 586, Miramare. 34100 Trieste, ITALIA

20. COLMENARES, Valentina Universidad Central de Venezuela. Departamento de Física. Facultad de Ciencias. Apartado Postal 47270. Los Chaguaramos, 1041-A. Caracas, VENEZUELA

21. COLONNELLO, Claudia Universidad Simón Bolívar, Valle de Sartenejas, Baruta, Caracas, VENEZUELA

22. CORDERO MORALES, Julio Francisco CORDERO MORALES, Julio Francisco Instituto de Biología Experimental (IBE), Calle Suapure, Colinas de Bello Monte, Caracas, VENEZUELA

23. DELAYE, Luis Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Ciencias, A.P. 70-407. Ciudad Universitaria, D.F. 04510, México

24. DELGADO, Ronald Rodrigo Universidad Central de Venezuela. Departamento de Física. Facultad de Ciencias. Apartado Postal 47270. Los Chaguaramos, 1041-A. Caracas, VENEZUELA

25. DIAZ, Luis Rafael Universidad Central de Venezuela. Departamento de Física. Facultad de Ciencias. Apartado Postal 47270. Los Chaguaramos, 1041-A. Caracas, VENEZUELA

26. DIAZ, Naryttza Namelly Universidad Central de Venezuela. Departamento de Biología. Facultad de Ciencias. Apartado Postal 47270. Los Chaguaramos, 1041-A. Caracas, VENEZUELA

27. DOPAZO, Hernán Universidad de Buenos Aires. Centro de Estudios Avanzados. Uriburu 950. 1114, Buenos Aires, ARGENTINA

28. DRAKE, Frank SETI Institute. 2035 Landings Drive. 94043 CA Mountain View,
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

29. DRAYER, Gregorio Universidad Simón Bolívar, Valle de Sartenejas. Baruta, Caracas, VENEZUELA

30. DRAYER, Roberto rdrayer@cantv.net
Caracas, VENEZUELA

31. FAJARDO RODRÍGUEZ, Luis Arturo Universidad de Los Andes, Centro de Microscopía Electrónica. Apartado Postal 163-175. Mérida, VENEZUELA

32. FALCON RODRIGUEZ, Jersys Centro de Cibernética Aplicada a la Medicina (CECAM). Calle 146, # 2504, E/25 Y 31. Cubanacán, La Habana, CUBA

33. FALCON, Nelson Leonardo Universidad de Carabobo, Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnología. Av. Los Colegios, Qta. Hilmar, Urb. Guaparo. Valencia, Estado Carabobo, VENEZUELA

34. FIGUEROA, Daniela Alejandra Universidad Central de Venezuela. Departamento de Biología. Facultad de Ciencias. Apartado Postal 47270. Los Chaguaramos, 1041-A. Caracas, VENEZUELA

35. GALAVIS, Martha Elena
Universidad politana, Caracas
Caracas, VENEZUELA

36. GALUÉ, Francisco Sociedad Astronómica de Maracaibo, Diario "La Verdad". Maracaibo, VENEZUELA

37. GAMAZZA, Michele Universidad Simón Bolívar, Valle de Sartenejas, Baruta, Caracas, VENEZUELA

38. GARCÍA PONCE, Luis Tomás Centro de Estudios Astronómicos
Caracas, VENEZUELA

39. GARCÍA, Marco Universidad Central de Venezuela,
Caracas, VENEZUELA

40. GÓMEZ LUGO, Emeterio Universidad Simón Bolívar, Valle de Sartenejas, Baruta
Caracas, VENEZUELA

41. GOMEZ-CHABALA, Sandra María Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Departamento de Física. Apartado Aéreo 3840, Medellín, COLOMBIA

42. GUTIERREZ-CABELLO, Jordi Luis Universitat Politécnica de Catalunya, Dept. de Física Aplicada. Campus Nord Modul B5. Pla de Palau, 18. 08003 Barcelona,
SPAIN

43. GUZMÁN MARMOLEJO, Andrés Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Autónoma de México, Departamento de Química de Radiaciones y Radioquímica. Circuito Exterior. 04510, México

44. HERNANDEZ COLMENARES, Javier A. Universidad Central de Venezuela. Departamento de Física. Facultad de Ciencias. Apartado Postal 47270. Los Chaguaramos, 1041-A. Caracas, VENEZUELA

45. HERNÁNDEZ, Laura Universidad Central de Venezuela,
Caracas, VENEZUELA

46. HOENICKA, Janet Banco de Tejidos para Investigaciones Neurológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Facultad de Medicina. 28040, Madrid, SPAIN

47. ISLAS GRACIANO, Sara Ernestina Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Ciencias, Apdo. Postal 70-407, Ciudad Universitaria, D.F. 04510, México

48. JIMÉNEZ, Douglas Barquisimeto, VENEZUELA

49. KEMPIS FIGUEROA, Yanmir del Carmen Universidad Central de Venezuela. Departamento de Física. Facultad de Ciencias. Apartado Postal 47270. Los Chaguaramos, 1041-A. Caracas, VENEZUELA

50. LAZO, Emilio Universidad Central de Venezuela. Escuela de Física. Facultad de Ciencias. Apartado Postal 47270. Los Chaguaramos, 1041-A. Caracas, VENEZUELA

51. LAZCANO, Antonio Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Ciencias, Apdo. Postal 70-407, Ciudad Universitaria, D.F. 04510. México

52. LEMARCHAND, Guillermo
Andrés Universidad de Buenos Aires, Centro de Estudios Avanzados, C.C.8, Sucursal 25. Uriburu 950, 1114 Buenos Aires, ARGENTINA

53. LEÓN, Jesús Alberto Instituto de Zoologia Tropical, UCV
Caracas, VENEZUELA

54. CALVA-ALEJO, Leonel Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, México

55. LEZAMA, José Rafael Instituto de Estudios Avanzados (IDEA), Apartado 17606, Parque Central 1015-A, Caracas, VENEZUELA

56. LINARES JEREZ, Fedor Gabriel Instituto de Estudios Avanzados (IDEA), Caracas, VENEZUELA

57. LONGART, Marinés Instituto de Estudios Avanzados (IDEA), Caracas, VENEZUELA

58. LORENZONI, Laura Universidad Simón Bolívar, Departamento de Biología, Valle de Sartenejas, Baruta,Caracas, VENEZUELA

59. LUCIANI TOLEDO, Christian Leonardo Universidad Central de Venezuela. Departamento de Física. Facultad de Ciencias. Apartado Postal 47270. Los Chaguaramos, 1041-A. Caracas, VENEZUELA

60. MADURO MORA, Miguel Ángel Universidad Simón Bolívar, Valle de Sartenejas, Baruta
Caracas, VENEZUELA

61. MALAVÉ DE BILBAO, Caridad Instituto de Estudios Avanzados (IDEA), Departamento de Biociencias, Caracas, VENEZUELA

62. MANNO, Carlo Danilo Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Km. 11, Carretera Panamericana, Estado Miranda. Apartado Postal 21827, 1020-A, Caracas, VENEZUELA

63. MAQUEIRA, Braudel Instituto de Estudios Avanzados (IDEA), Unidad de Neurobiología Molecular, Carretera Baruta, Hoyo de La Puerta, Caracas, VENEZUELA

64. MARCANO, Vicente Universidad de Los Andes, Centro de Microscopía Electrónica, Apartado Postal 163-175, Mérida, VENEZUELA

65. MÁRQUEZ BRICEÑO, Jesús
Caracas, VENEZUELA

66. MARTIN-LANDROVE, Miguel Universidad Central de Venezuela. Centro de Resonancia Magnética. Facultad de Ciencias. Apartado Postal 47586. Los Chaguaramos, 1041-A. Caracas, VENEZUELA

67. MASCAREÑO, Carlos Universidad Central de Venezuela,
Caracas, VENEZUELA

68. MASSARINI, Alicia Isabel Universidad de Buenos Aires, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón I, 1417, Buenos Aires, ARGENTINA

69. MAYZ VALLENILLA, Ernesto Instituto de Estudios Avanzados (IDEA), Apartado 89000, Valle de Sartenejas, Baruta 1080-A, Caracas, VENEZUELA

70. MEDINA DE CALLAROTTI, Elinor Universidad Simón Bolívar, Departamento de Idiomas, Apartado 89000, Valle de Sartenejas, Baruta 1080-A, Caracas, VENEZUELA

71. MÉNDEZ, Abel Universidad de Puerto Rico, Arecibo
Puerto Rico, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

72. MONSALVE DAM, Dorixa D. Universidad Central de Venezuela. Departamento de Física. Facultad de Ciencias. Apartado Postal 47270. Los Chaguaramos, 1041-A. Caracas, VENEZUELA

73. MORA, Freddy Universidad Metropolitana, Caracas
VENEZUELA

74. NAVARRO-GONZÁLEZ, Rafael Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Laboratorio de Química de Plasmas y Estudios Planetarios. Ap. Postal 70-543, D.F. 04510, México

75. NEGRÓN-MENDOZA, Alicia Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Ap. Postal 70-543, Circuito Exterior, C.U., D.F. 04510, México

76. OCAMPO, Adriana NASA Headquarters, Office of Space Science, 300 e Street, S.W. 20546 Washington, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

77. ORÓ, Juan University of Houston, Dept. of Biology and Biochemistry, TX, 77204-5934, Houston, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

78. URBINA PACHECO, Roymari Universidad Central de Venezuela. Departamento de Física. Facultad de Ciencias. Apartado Postal 47270. Los Chaguaramos, 1041-A. Caracas, VENEZUELA

79. PADRÓN, Carlos Instituto de Estudios Avanzados (IDEA) Unidad de Filosofía. Caracas, VENEZUELA

80. PALACIOS PRU, Ernesto Universidad de Los Andes, Centro de Microscopía Electrónica, Apartado Postal 163-175. Mérida, VENEZUELA

81. PALERMO MAMMANA, Giuseppe A. Universidad Central de Venezuela. Departamento de Geofísica. Los Chaguaramos, 1041-A. Caracas, VENEZUELA

82. PAREDES, Pedro Pablo Universidad del Zulia, Departamento de Física, Facultad Experimental de Ciencias, Módulo 1, Av. Universidad, Sector Grano de Oro, Maracaibo, Estado Zulia, VENEZUELA

83. PARJAN, Elena Universidad Central de Venezuela,
Caracas, VENEZUELA

84. PEÑA, Francisco Universidad Central de Venezuela. Escuela de Física. Facultad de Ciencias. Apartado Postal 47270. Los Chaguaramos, 1041-A. Caracas, VENEZUELA

85. PERERA, Lucy
Caracas, VENEZUELA

86. PEREZ CHAVEZ, Itzel Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Circuito Exterior, Zona de Institutos, Ciudad Universitaria. 04510, México

87. PEREZ DE VLADAR, Harold Paúl Universidad Central de Venezuela. Escuela de Física. Facultad de Ciencias. Apartado Postal 47058. Los Chaguaramos, 1041-A. Caracas, VENEZUELA

88. PETIT, Gustavo Universidad Simón Bolívar, Valle de Sartenejas, Baruta, Caracas, VENEZUELA

89. PINTO, Ricardo Alberto Universidad Central de Venezuela. Departamento de Física. Facultad de Ciencias.1041-A. Caracas, VENEZUELA

90. PUCCIARELLI, Gerardo Universidad Simón Bolívar, Valle de Sartenejas, Baruta, Caracas, VENEZUELA

91. RAGO, Héctor Enrique Universidad de Los Andes, Departamento de Fïsica, Facultad de Ciencias, La Hechicera, 5101, Mérida, VENEZUELA

92. RAMIREZ JIMENEZ, Sandra Ignacia Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Circuito Exterior, Zona de Institutos, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, México

93. RAMIREZ, César Ernesto Universidad Central de Venezuela. Departamento de Física. Facultad de Ciencias. 1041-A. Caracas, VENEZUELA

94. RAMOS-BERNAL, Sergio Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Apartado Postal 70-543, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria. D.F. 04510, México

95. REISMAN, Garrett NASA Headquarters
garrett.e.reisman1@jsc.nasa.gov
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

96. REVILLA, Tomás Augusto Universidad Central de Venezuela. Departamento de Física. Facultad de Ciencias. 1041-A. Caracas, VENEZUELA

97. REYMONDIN, Christian
Caracas, VENEZUELA
98. RODRIGUEZ, Sandy Santiago Universidad Central de Venezuela. Departamento de Física. Facultad de Ciencias. 1041-A, Caracas, VENEZUELA

99. ROEDERER, Juan University of Alaska, Geophysical Institute, 99775-0800, Alaska, Fairbanks, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

100. ROJAS, Diego Rafael Universidad Central de Venezuela. Departamento de Biología. Facultad de Ciencias. Apartado Postal 47270. Los Chaguaramos, 1041-A. Caracas, VENEZUELA

101. ROMERO, Gustavo-Esteban Instituto Argentino de Radioastronomía (IAR), C.C. Nº 5, 1894, Villa Elisa, Buenos Aires, ARGENTINA

102. ROMERO, Jesús Guillermo Instituto de Biología Experimental (IBE), Universidad Central de Venezuela, Laboratorio Fisiología Celular, Calle Suapure, Colinas de Bello Monte, Caracas, VENEZUELA

103. RON, Lupercio José Universidad Central de Venezuela. Departamento de Física. Facultad de Ciencias. Apartado Postal 47270. Los Chaguaramos, 1041-A. Caracas, VENEZUELA

104. ROSALES, Pedro Pablo C. Instituto de Estudios Avanzados (IDEA), Unidad de Filosofía, Carretera Nacional Hoyo de la Puerta, Edif. Bolívar, P.B. Sartenejas, Baruta ­ Estado Miranda, VENEZUELA

105. ROZENBAUM, Sami Fundación Amigos del Planetario Humboldt, Calle Negrín, edif. DAVOLCA, Apto. 9, Sabana Grande, Caracas, VENEZUELA

106. SALAZAR SORA, Estrella Universidad Simón Bolívar, Edif. Biblioteca Central, Nivel Jardín, Ofic. de Relaciones Públicas, Sartenejas - Baruta, Caracas, VENEZUELA

107. SALAZAR YAMARTE, Efraín Gerardo CENAIP-IIA, Departamento de Biotecnología, Zona Universitaria El Limón, Edif. 08, 2101, Maracay, Estado Aragua, VENEZUELA

108. SANCHEZ, Andrea Leticia Universidad de la República de Uruguay, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Física, Igua 4225 Y, Mataojo, 11400 Montevideo, URUGUAY

109. SANCHEZ, Rodrigo. Universidad Central de Venezuela. Departamento de Física. Facultad de Ciencias. Apartado Postal 47270. Los Chaguaramos, 1041-A. Caracas, VENEZUELA

110. SANTANDER M., Sol D. Universidad Central de Venezuela. Departamento de Biología. Facultad de Ciencias. Apartado Postal 47270. Los Chaguaramos, 1041-A. Caracas, VENEZUELA

111. SEGURA MOLINA, Antígona Peralta Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Circuito Exterior, Zona de Institutos, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, México

112. SOFIA, Sabatino University of Yale, Department of Astronomy, P.O. Box 208101, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8101,
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

113. SUÁREZ MEZA, Luis Universidad Centro Occidental Lisandro Alvarado, Barquisimeto, Estado Lara, VENEZUELA

114. SUBERO, Yolimar Universidad Central de Venezuela. Escuela de Física. Facultad de Ciencias, A1041-A. Caracas, VENEZUELA

115. TAPIAS, Adonay José Universidad Central de Venezuela. Departamento de Física. Facultad de Ciencias. 1041-A. Caracas, VENEZUELA

116. TORRES, Diego Fernando Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Departamento de Física C.C. 67, Calle 49 Y 115, 1900 La Plata, ARGENTINA

117. TROMBINO, Giuseppe Universidad Simón Bolívar, Valle de Sartenejas, Baruta, Caracas, VENEZUELA

118. URRIOLA, Pedro Instituto de Estudios Avanzados (IDEA), Baruta, Caracas, VENEZUELA

119. VALENCIA, Andrés Observatorio ARVAL, Revista Astronomía Digital, Caracas, VENEZUELA

120. VEI SUNG, Ling Universidad Metropolitana,
Caracas, VENEZUELA

121. VERRILLI, David Tony Universidad Central de Venezuela. Departamento de Física. Facultad de Ciencias. A1041-A. Caracas, VENEZUELA

122. VILLEGAS, Gloria Instituto de Estudios Avanzados (IDEA), Apartado 89000, Valle de Sartenejas, Baruta. 1080-A, Caracas, VENEZUELA

123. VILLEGAS, Raimundo Instituto de Estudios Avanzados (IDEA), Apartado 89000, Valle de Sartenejas, Baruta. 1080-A, Caracas, VENEZUELA

124. WAMSTEKER, Willem ESA/Vilspa, p.o. Box 50727, 28080, Madrid, SPAIN

125. ZAPATA, Fanny
VENEZUELA